Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o sistema radicular de plantas de café conilon (Coffea canephora) e café arábica (Coffea arabica) no perfil do solo, com uso de semivariogramas. As avaliações foram realizadas em área localizada no município de Jaguaré, no estado do Espírito Santo. Foram avaliadas as cultivares Verdebrás G30/G35 do café conilon e a Catuaí Vermelho IAC 44 do café arábica. Monólitos de solo com raízes de café foram coletados em três distâncias do tronco do cafeeiro, no sentido da linha, e em seis distâncias do tronco, no sentido da entrelinha de plantio, em seis níveis de profundidade. As raízes foram coletadas e lavadas e, depois, digitalizadas e processadas no programa Safira. A variabilidade espacial dos atributos avaliados foi caracterizada pela técnica geoestatística, por meio de semivariogramas, com uso do programa GS+ 7.0. A área de superfície, o comprimento e o volume das raízes foram quantificados para as duas espécies de café. O café conilon tem tendência de apresentar sistema radicular com menor área superficial, comprimento e volume de raízes por volume de solo, bem como com distribuição menos discrepante na superfície do solo e em profundidade, em comparação ao café arábica.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the root system of Conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) and Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) plants in the soil profile, using semivariograms. The evaluations were carried out in an area located in the municipality of Jaguaré, in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The Verdebrás G30/G35 Conilon coffee and the Catuaí Vermelho IAC 44 Arabica coffee cultivars were assessed. Soil monoliths with coffee plant roots were collected at three distances from the trunk in the planting row and at six distances from the trunk between rows, at six depths. The roots were collected and washed and then digitized and processed in the Safira software. The spatial variability of the evaluated attributes was characterized by the geostatistical technique, through semivariograms, using the GS+ 7.0 software. Root surface area, length, and volume were quantified for the two coffee species. Conilon coffee plants have a tendency of showing a root system with a smaller surface area, shorter length, and lower volume by volume of soil, as well as a less discrepant distribution on soil surface and in deeper layers, compared with Arabica coffee.

ABSTRACT. Knowledge on the dynamics of micronutrients in coffee tree assists nutritional diagnosis and fertilization management. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the concentration and accumulation of micronutrients in the leaves and fruits of Coffea canephora. The experiment was managed in crops propagated for 2.5 years in a split-plot-in-time scheme in which the main plots consisted of fertilized and not-fertilized plants, and the subplots stipulated the evaluation periods. The berries and leaves were collected every 28 days, starting from the first flowering to full maturity. The micronutrient content was determined by laboratory chemical analysis, and the accumulation of nutrients in the fruit (mg) was calculated by multiplying the dry matter of the berry (g) × nutrient concentration (mg kg−1). The results showed that fertilization infers the zinc concentration in the fruits and the concentration for manganese, iron and zinc in the leaves in the determined periods. Micronutrient accumulation curves followed the simple sigmoidal model, with accumulation increasing considerably as a function of fruit growth. Thus, fertilization based on micronutrients must be divided over stages with higher accumulation rates, considering the specific requirement of each nutrient.

O café conilon (Coffea canephora) ocupa grande importância no cenário sócio-econômico no Espírito Santo, e o seu cultivo, principalmente, de forma orgânica é crescente e representativo; no entanto, faltam informações sobre valores de referência de teores da folha, bem como um diagnóstico nutricional. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer e comparar padrões de referência e propor valores de teores foliares considerados adequados, a partir de lavouras de alta produtividade de cafeeiros conilon cultivados de forma orgânica ou convencional na região norte do estado do Espírito Santo. Determinaram-se os teores foliares de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn em 40 lavouras sob cultivo convencional e 56 lavouras sob cultivo orgânico. Foram selecionadas para estabelecer as normas DRIS 23 lavouras sob cultivo convencional e 22 lavouras orgânicas. Para comparar as normas estabelecidas, utilizou-se o teste "t" de Student, a 1 %, e realizaram-se diagnósticos nas lavouras orgânicas e convencionais, por meio das normas DRIS, com a incorporação da matéria seca, verificando a freqüência do nutriente cujo índice foi mais negativo e mais positivo. Os nutrientes que mais vezes apresentaram índices DRIS mais negativos nas lavouras orgânicas foram Mn, Cu, N e P e, nas lavouras convencionais, foram Mn, Cu e P. Os resultados evidenciam que as normas DRIS são específicas a cada forma de cultivo.

Conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) is very important for the economy of the state of Espírito Santo and its organic cultivation is increasing. However, there is a lack of information on leaf reference values for this form of management, as well as a nutritional diagnosis. The objective of this study was to establish and compare reference patterns and to propose adequate values of leaf nutrient concentrations obtained on high yielding conilon coffee plantations, cultivated under organic or conventional systems, in the northern area of Espírito Santo State. Leaf concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn were determined in plantations under conventional and 56 plantations under organic cultivation. To establish DRIS norms, the data of 23 plantations under conventional cultivation and 22 organic plantations were used. The established norms were compared by the Student "t" test at 1 % probability. Organic and conventional plantations were diagnosed through DRIS norms with the incorporation of dry matter data in the analysis. The frequency of the nutrients with the most negative or most positive index was verified. The most frequent nutrients with more negative DRIS index on the organic plantations were Mn, Cu, N, and P. In the conventional plantations, the most frequent nutrients with more negative index were Mn, Cu and P. The results suggested that each cultivation system should be diagnosed by specific DRIS norms.